Tool Steel Catalogue

TOOL STEEL

CATALOGUE

Bethlehem Steel Company

MAIN OFFICE AND WORKS:

BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA

r

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

SALES

OFFICES

BOSTON, MASS.
Oliver Building

NEW YORK, N. Y.
Trinity Building

PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Morris Building

BALTIMORE, Md.
Continental Building

ATLANTA, GA.
Candler Building

PITTSBURGH, PA.

First National Bank Building

CLEVELAND, OHIO
Guardian Building

DETROIT, MICH.
Penobscot Building

CHICAGO, ILL.
Peoples' Gas Building

ST. LOUIS, MO.
Boatmen’s Bank Building

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL,.

Monadnock Building

WAREHOUSES

BOSTON, MASS. CLEVELAND, OHIO

BETHLEHEM, PA.

3

,

. ; •

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

T HE announcement made at the Paris Exposition
in 1900 of the discovery, at the works of the
Bethlehem Steel Comapny, of a new alloy cutting
steel and of the Taylor-White process for its treat-
ment, revealed a new epoch to the mechanical world.
It was found through demonstrations at this Expo-
sition, and at this Company’s works, that by the use
of the Bethlehem Special High Speed Tool Steel, the
earning power of a modern machine was increased
over 100 per cent. This revolutionized machine shop
practice. With the belief that there was still further
room for development in this field, the Bethlehem
Steel Company continued its investigations, and,
after careful and extensive experiments, it is pre-
pared to furnish a high speed steel from which
metal-cutting tools can be made that show equally
as radical an improvement over the tools produced
in 1900 as that shown by the 1900 tool over those
previously used.

The high speed and other tool steels which the
Bethlehem Steel Company is now offering have no
equal in cutting power and uniformity. This is
a strong statement, but may be accepted with con-
fidence. The Bethlehem Steel Company enjoys a
world-wide reputation for the manufacture of the
highest quality of all grades of steel and alloys.

5

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

READ CAREFULLY
BEFORE ORDERING

PURPOSE

State in detail the purpose for which the steel will be
used as this enables us ter fill your orders correctly..

ANNEALING

Always specify whether annealed or unannealed steel is
desired. To get under the “bark,” order annealed Tool
Steel large enough to remove at least one-sixteenth of an
inch off the diameter of small sections and one-eighth of
an inch off the diameter of large sections.

DISCS AND DIE BLOCKS

We will furnish the size Ordered unless it is specified
that an allowance for finish is desired.

WARRANTY

We will replace any steel which, if properly selected
and used, shall prove defective, but no claims for labor or
damage will be allowed.

7

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Bethlehem Special
High Speed Tool Steel

USES

A high speed steel for lathe, planer, boring, slotting,
shaping and other roughing tools — also twist drills, milling
cutters, taps, reamers, gear cutters, inserted saw teeth, in-
serted milling cutter teeth, special dies, etc.

REMARKS

This steel is especially adapted for taking the heaviest
cuts at the highest speeds, at the same time retaining the
full efficiency of its cutting edge.

At its forging heat this steel can be readily formed
into shapes necessary for making intricate tools.

Its properties are such that it can be easily annealed.

We can insure to users of our High Speed Steel absolute
uniformity in cutting qualities. This is accomplished by
the testing of several tools made from bars forged from each
heat of this steel on a specially prepared forging of High
Carbon High Manganese steel, with a standard feed and
depth of cut determined as representing the maximum effi-
ciency of such tools.

State in detail the purpose for which the steel will be used

8

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORKING

Bethlehem Special
High Speed Tool Steel

PREPARING TOOL LENGTHS

In cutting tool lengths from bars of High Speed Steel,
the bar should always be heated at the cutting point to a
yellow color (about 1750 to 1850 degrees Fahrenheit). Never
cut cold.

FORGING

Heat slowly and uniformly in a clean fire or furnace to
1750 to 1850 degrees Fahrenheit (a yellow color), allowing
sufficient time to permit the heat to penetrate to the center
of the piece. The tool should be reheated while being forged
when the heat falls below 1750 degrees Fahrenheit..

To relieve forging strains, which may occur in irregularly
shaped tools, it will be advisable, if not necessary, to reheat
the tool, after forging, to a light cherry red, about 1550
degrees Fahrenheit, and bury in dry ashes or slacked lime
until cold.

In either case, after forging, the tool should be allowed
to cool before proceeding with the hardening operation.

HARDENING

(Lathe, planer, slotter and all types of
forged roughing tools, that can be ground
to shape after hardening).

Preheat the nose of the tool or its cutting portion slowly
and uniformly to a temperature of about 1550 degrees Fahren-
heit (a light cherry red) and then as rapidly as possible, up

9

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

to a white sweating heat. Then place the nose of the tool
in a strong dry air blast until cold Or quench in an oil bath
which is large enough to rapidly radiate the heat. Any
reliable quenching oil will be satisfactory.

Bethlehem Special High Speed tools can be successfully
heated in a forge fire but more satisfactory and uniform
results are obtained with a furnace designed for the purpose.

GRINDING

The high heats necessary to successfully harden high
speed steel have a tendency to slightly deteriorate the outer
portion of the metal of the tool. Consequently, it is advis-
able that the deteriorated metal should be ground off after
hardening and before its use.

To remove the deteriorated metal grind at least one
thirty-second (1-32") of an inch off the top and front of the
nose of the tool.

Grinding should be done on a free cutting emery wheel,
under a copious steady flow of water. An intermittent flow
of water, allowing the tool to heat up and then again coming
in contact with water will cause surface checks or cracks.

If the supply of water is irregular or not Of sufficient
quantity it will be better to grind the tool on a dry emery
wheel, being careful not to heat the cutting edge of the tool.

HARDENING

(Formed milling cutters, taps, reamers, etc., and
all types of finishing tools that cannot be ground
to shape after hardening).

Preheat slowly and uniformly to a temperature of about
1550 degrees Fahrenheit (a light cherry red), and then as
rapidly as possible, up to a light yellow color or until the
surface of the tool appears glazed or oily, and quench in an

10

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

oil bath which is large enough to rapidly radiate the heat,
and then draw the temper in oil heated to 450 degrees
Fahrenheit.

These tools may also be hardened by cooling under an
air blast if there is no objection to the slight formation erf
scale on the surface of the tool.

ANNEALING

To anneal this steel thoroughly, pack it with granulated
charcoal in an iron box or pipe carefully sealed, with about
cm e-half (y 2 ") an inch of charcoal between the steel to be
annealed and the walls of the pipe or box, and heat slowly
and uniformly until heat has penetrated to the center to
a temperature of about 1500 to 1550 degrees Fahrenheit,
(a light cherry red) and hold at this heat for several hours,
allowing same to cool off slowly, preferably with the furnace,
or the box or pipe may be removed from the furnace and
buried in dry ashes err slacked lime. Under no circumstances,
however, must the steel during the annealing process come
in contact with the air.

Caution: In the annealing of tool steel, to make it dead
soft, the outer surface of the bar is slightly decarbonized;
this condition will hereinafter be referred to as “bark.” In
the manufacture of tools which cannot be ground to shape
after hardening, it is necessary to remove all of the bark
from the cutting edges to be able to successfully harden.
To get under the bark remove at least one-sixteenths (1-16")
of an inch off the diameter of small sections and at least
one-eighth (%") of an inch off the diameter of large sections.

ROUND NOSE TURNING TOOLS

We are frequently requested to recommend a design of
round nose tool for rough turning. On the opposite page
are shown the cutting contour and angles of a 1" x 1 y 2 "
round nose roughing tool which will remove the maximum
amount of material with least wear and tear on the machine
and tool.

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BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

While it is nett absolutely necessary to adhere to this
design, we strongly recommend that a standard of cutting
contours and angles be adoped to suit the conditions in your
shop.

BETHLEHEM SPECIAL HIGH SPEED TOOL STEEL

made into uniform tools, coupled with uniform heat treat-
ment and careful grinding, means uniform maximum pro-
duction.

Keep the tools sharp.

Do not run them to destruction before regrinding.
Do not blue or overheat the cutting edge in grinding.

Extras for size and annealing, page 15.

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

13

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Bethlehem Special
High Speed Steel Bits for
Tool Holders

Every bit is hardened singly by an expert who is
familiar with the heat treatment of our High Speed Steel.

Packed in five pound boxes.

Grinding instructions are the same as those given on
page 6 for Bethlehem Special High Speed Tool Steel.

The following sizes and lengths are carried in stock

with ends cut to an angle Of

A" S T

“

A" “
t" “
A" “

IS

t" “

f" “
-X" “

Special sizes and lengths

Each bit is marked, and
trated below:

30 degrees:

x 24 "
x 2J"
x 24 "
x 3 "
x 34"
x 4 "
x 4 "
x 4£"
x 5 "
x 6 "

made to order.

its length measured as illus-

14

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

HIGH SPEED TOOL STEEL

STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF EXTRAS
Rounds, Squares and Octagons

Extra per lb.

Si

Extra per lb.

to

2

in

H

to

in.

to

A

in

8fc.

4*

to

5

in.

to

B

in

6c.

5J

to

in.

to

t

in

3&c.

5f

to

6

in.

to

in

to

6-jj

in.

to

2j

in

2c.

6 8

to

7

in.

to

3

in

2£c.

n

to

in.

to

3£

in

3c.

7f

to

8

in.

to

4

in

8*

to

8J

in.

6Jc.

6c.

6Jc.

7c.

Tic.

8c.

Flats

i ft

i

I

i

A

A

A

Extra

per lb.

to

> 2

x 4 to 2 in. —

3

?

X

7

t

X

in. ...

.... 30c.

i

X

If

X

A

in. ...

.... 20c.

A

X

i

X

8

8

to 2

in

.... 14c.

A

X

u

X

i

to 3

in

.... 14c.

i

X

1

X

A

to i

in

.... 8c.

i

X

X

f

to 1

in

.... 5c.

A

X

f

X

H

to 4

in

.... 3c.

A

X

If

X

t

to |

in

.... 5c.

5

S

to

i 2

X

t

to 1

in

.... 34c.

f

to 2

X

if

to 4i

in

. . . . 3c.

21

to 3

X

A

to J

in

.... 3c.

2-g-

to

. 3

to 1|
to 5
to 1
to 54
to 1
to 6
to 1

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

in.

Extra per lb.

3c.

2£c.

3c.

24c.

:::::: t:

x 2i to 4 in.

2c.

2c.

4c.

2c.

4c.

Intermediate sizes take next higher extra.

All dimensions inclusive.

Annealing 2 cents per pound extra.

Bevels, same classification as flats plus 100 per lb.
for shape.

Boxing — at cost.

Cutting to specified single and multiple lengths.

24 in. and over 1 cent per lb. extra

18 to 23* f in . ...2 cents per lb. extra

12 to 17|f in 3 cents per lb. extra

6 to lljf in 4 cents per lb. extra

Less than 6 inches special price.

(Continued)

15

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

HIGH SPEED TOOL STEEL

STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF EXTRAS
Discs

Extra per lb.

Weighing above 25 pounds 6 cents

Weighing 15 to 25 pounds 10 cents

Weighing 10 to 15 pounds 12 cents

Weighing 7% to 10 pounds 14 cents

Weighing 5 to 7 y 2 pounds 16 cents

Weighing 3 to 5 pounds 18 cents

Weighing 2 to 3 pounds 22 cents

Weighing 1 to 2 pounds 24 cents

Annealing 2 cents

Die Blocks

Extra per lb.

Weighing above 25 pounds 4 cents

Weighing 15 to 25 pounds 6 cents

Weighing 10 to 15 pounds . 10 cents

Weighing 7 y 2 to 10 pounds 14 cents

Weighing 5 to 7y 2 pounds 16 cents

Weighing 3 to 5 pounds 18 cents

Weighing 2 to 3 pounds 22 cents

Weighing 1 to 2 pounds 24 cents

Annealing 2 cents

DISCS and DIE BLOCKS will be furnished
to the size ordered unless it is specified
that an allowance for finish is desired.

State in detail the purpose for which the steel will be used

16

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

CARBON TOOL STEELS

STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF EXTRAS
Round, Square, Octagon and Hexagon

§ to 2 inches Base

Inches
2J to
31 to
41 to
r»i to
<>1 to
71 to
81 to

Extra per lb.
Cents

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

9J to 10 5.0

Extra per lb-
Inches Cents

A to £ 0.5

A to I 1.0

A and ££ 2.0

i and A 3.0

A 5 *°

X iao

! 18.0

Flat

f to 2 inches thick x A to 2 inches wide Base

"Rxt.ra nfir lh. Extra per lb.

Cents

1.5

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Inches

Cents

Inches

i

X

A •

20.0

A

X

1

to

%

£

X

i.

15.0

A

X

«

to

8

i

X

A-

8.0

1

X

A

to

8

i

X

f.

4.0

A

X

i

to

8

i

X

A

to |

3.0

i

X

A

to

8

i

X

A

to 7

2.0

A

X

2-i

to

8

i

X

n

to 8

3.0

5

tc

i 2

X i

H

A x
A x
A x
A x

A x

i

A to f

H to 2
to 7
A x to 8
i x A to §

2

x 2J

to

to

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0
1.5
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.0

2J to 3
2£ to 3
3£ to 4
3J- to 4
4| to 5
4J to 5
5£ to 6
6J to 7
to 8

x 71 to 8 1.5

‘ “ 1.0

x 2| to 5

x 5J to 8 1.5

x 3£ to 6 1.5

x 6J to 8 2.0

x 41 to 7 2.0

x 7| to 8 2.5

x 6£ to 7

2.5

3.0

x 7£ to 8 3.5

£ x 7| to 8 2.0

Intermediate sizes take the next higher extra.

Annealed Steel 1 cent per lb. extra

Boxing— at cost.

Gutting to Specified Single and Multiple Lengths

Per lb. cents

24 inches or over 0.5

18 to 24 inches 1-0

12 to 18 inches 1-5

6 to 12 inches 2.0

Less than 6 inches, special price. Over 18 feet, special price.
(Continued)

17

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Carbon Tool Steels
Standard Classification
of Extras

DISCS

Under 1 lb..

1 to 2 lbs

2 to 3 lbs

3 to 4 lbs

4 to 5 lbs *

5 to 74 lbs

7* to 10 lbs

10 to 15 lbs

15 to. 20 lbs

20 to 25 lbs

Above 25 lbs.,

Annealing

15 $ per lb. extra
12$ per lb. extra
11$ per lb. extra
10$ per lb. extra
9$ per lb. extra
8$ per lb. extra
7$ per lb. extra
6$ per lb. extra
5$ per lb. extra
4$ per lb. extra
3$ per lb. extra
1$ per lb. extra

DIE BLOCKS

Under 1 lb

1 to 2 lbs

2 to 3 lbs

3 to 5 lbs

5 to 7£ lbs -

7£ to 10 lbs

10 to 15 lbs .

15 to 25 lbs

Above 25 lbs

Annealing

Special Price
12$ per lb. extra
11$ per lb., extra
9$ per lb. extra
8$ per lb. extra
7$ per lb. extra
5$ per lb. extra
3$ per lb. extra
2$ per lb. extra
1$ per lb. extra

DISCS and DIE BLOCKS will be furnished
to the size ordered unless it is specified
that an allowance for finish is desired.

State in detail the purpose for which the steel will be used

18

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORKING

Bethiehem Tool Steels

It is well known to those skilled in the art that it is
a very difficult matter to lay down a hard and fast rule for
the successful hardening of Tool Steel as much depends on
the shape and size or mass of steel to be hardened, the
Carbon content or temper number, in the case of Carbon
Tool Steels, and the composition of the special or alloy Tool
Steel. However, we are always ready and willing to advise
and give our customers the benefit of our vast and diversi-
fied experience in the use and heat treatment of all our
steels, provided they will describe in detail the kind or grade
Of steel, the purpose for which it is to be used, or if
the tool cannot be described, a drawing or rough sketch,
with approximate dimensions will assist us materially in
recommending the grade of steel, and the heat treatment
to obtain the best results.

FORGING

Heat slowly and uniformly in a clean fire or furnace to
a temperature of 1500 to 1600 degrees Fahrenheit, (a light
cherry red) allowing sufficient time to permit the forging
heat to penetrate to the center of the piece, bearing in mind
that w r hile it is necessary to heat slowly it is very much
more important that it be heated to the forging heat through-
out, being careful not to hold the steel in the fire or furnace
any longer than necessary. Too long an exposure at the
forging heat will cause excessive scaling and decarbonization

19

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

of the outer surface. After forging, all intricate or irregular
shaped tools, such as goose neck planer tools, spring tools,
etc., should be again reheated to the annealing temperature,
1400 to 1425 degrees Fahrenheit, and buried in dry ashes
or slacked lime until cold to remove forging stresses.

GRINDING

Lathe and Planer Finishing Tools and the like, before
hardening should be rough ground to the shape desired to
eliminate excessive grinding after hardening and thereby
avoid the danger of checking or over-heating the cutting
edge during this operation.

ANNEALING

To anneal Tool Steel, thoroughly pack it with granulated
charcoal in an iron box or pipe, carefully sealed with about
one-half (}&") an inch of charcoal between the steel to be an-
nealed and the walls of the pipe or box and heat slowly and
uniformly to a temperature of about 1400 to 142.5 degrees
Fahrenheit, allowing sufficient time to permit the heat to
penetrate to the center. Cool off slowly, preferably with
the furnace, or the box or pipe may be removed from the
furnace and buried in dry ashes or slacked lime until cold.

We do not want to create the impression that our tool
steels require exceptionally careful handling to obtain
results. The above suggestions are intended for the guidance
of those who are learning the art of tool making and hard-
ening. The experienced mechanic who knows and practices
the fundamental principles will have no difficulty in obtain-
ing good results.

20

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Rock and Mining Drill Steel

Octagons, Hexagons,
Quarter Octagons

We are prepared to furnish Drill Steel in the following
well known grades:

Bethlehem XX Drill Steel
Bethlehem XCL Drill Steel
Bethlehem X Drill Steel

For General Instructions see page 19.
Extras for size and annealing, page 17.

21

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Bethlehem

BFS

Steel

Finishing

USES

A very superior alloy water hardening tool steel which
we strongly recommend for the following purposes:

Chilled roll and brass turning tools, master tools and
taps, milling cutters, reamers, cutters for finish reaming,
boring and rifling guns, automatic screw machine forming
tools, threading tools, chasers and dies, burnishing dies,
cold drawing dies and mandrels for cold drawing High Speed
and Carbon tools steels, brass, bronze, copper and steel
tubing and bars.

TREATMENT

The hardening temperatures range between 1400 to 1475
degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the shape and size of the
tool to be hardened.

Quench in water.

Temper finishing tools to a light straw color.

For General Instructions see page 19.

Extras for size and annealing, page 17.

State in detail the purpose for which the steel will be used

22

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BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Bethlehem

XXX Special Tool Steel

USES

The very best grade of Carbon finishing tool steel, and
may be used for all purposes for which BETHLEHEM FIN-
ISHING STEEL is recommended and will give equally good
results, if the cutting speeds are reduced to meet conditions.
When machining the softer metals at the same cutting speeds,
the only noticeable difference between the two steels is the
fact that BETHLEHEM FINISHING STEEL will hold a
keen, sharp cutting edge for a longer period, and conse-
quently will require less grinding.

TREATMENT

The hardening temperatures range between 1400 to 1475
degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the shape and size of the
tool to be hardened.

Quench in water.

Temper to suit conditions.

For General Instructions see page 19.

Extras for size and annealing, page 17.

State in detail the purpose for which the steel will be used

23

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Bethlehem

XX

Tool Steel

BETHLEHEM STEEL
COMPANY

BETHLEHEM, PA.

Bethlehem

TOOL STEEL

USES

A general purpose tool steel, carried in stock in all
tempers, suitable for the following purposes:

Taps and reamers, milling cutters, punches, stamping
and blanking dies, broaches, blacksmith tools, boilermakers’
tools, granite and mining drills and tools, wood-working
tools, shear blades, chisels, rivet sets, drop forging dies,
cold heading bolt and rivet dies, headers, triming dies,
and cold drawing dies.

TREATMENT

Hardening temperatures range between 1400 to 1500
degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the shape and size of the
tool to be hardened.

Quench in water.

Temper to suit conditions.

For General Instructions see page 19.

Extras for size and annealing, page 17.

State in detail the purpose for which the steel will be used

24

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Bethlehem XCL Tool Steel

BETHLEHEM STEEL
COMPANY

Mr

BETHLEHEM

BETHLEHEM, PA.

W-

XCL TOOL STEEL

USES

Collets, cups, cones, drop forging dies, trimming dies,
mining and quarrying drills, blacksmith tools, fullers, flat-
ters, cold cutters, track tools, boilermakers’ tools, hand and
pneumatic chisels, caulking and beading tools, rivet sets,
punches and dies, shear blades, and machine parts that
require hardening.

TREATMENT

Hardening temperatures range between 1400 to 1500
degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the shape and size of the
tool to be hardened.

Quench in water.

Temper to suit conditions.

For General Instructions see page 19.

Extras for size and annealing, page 17.

State in detail the purpose for which the steel will be used

25

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Bethlehem (X) Tool Steel

BETHLEHEM STEEL
COMPANY

(X) Bethlehem

BETHLEHEM, PA.

TOOL STEEL

USES

Quarrying tools, drills for soft rock, cdal, etc., (for dril-
ling hard rock, granite, etc., use Bethlehem XCL and Beth-
lehem XX grades). Also recommended for furnace bars,
pinch bars, crow bars, chisel bars, agricultural chisels and
tools, and drift pins.

TREATMENT

Hardening temperatures range between 1400 to 1500
degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the shape and size of the
tool to be hardened.

Quench in water.

Temper to suit conditions.

For General Instructions see page 19.

Extras for size and annealing, page 17.

State in detail the purpose for which the steel will be used

L

26

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Bethlehem Tool Room
Tool Steel

BETHLEHEM STEEL

gjk

BETHLEHEM

COMPANY

fm

TOOL ROOM

BETHLEHEM, PX-.

TOOL STEEL

; ; J

An Oil Hardening Tool Steel

IS UNIQUE

In that it combines non-shrinking and non-warping qual-
ities with hardness and toughness.

HARDENS UNIFORMLY

The most economical steel for general tool room work.

UNIFORMLY ANNEALED

Use it for your Punching, Blanking, Trimming, Sub-press,
Forming and Drawing Dies, Taps, Reamers, Broaches, Cir-
cular Cutters, Hobs, Master Tools of all kinds, Plug and
Ring Thread Gauges.

ABSOLUTE SAFETY IN HARDENING

HARDENING

Preheat slowly to dark red; then heat gradually and
uniformly to the proper hardening heat, which will be from

27

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

1375 to 1475 degrees Fahrenheit, or from a cherry red to a
medium cherry, depending upon the size and character of
the tool.

Quench in Oil— Fish, Linseed or Cotton Seed Oils Pre-
ferred. Dip carefully.

TEMPERING

Always draw Tool Room Steel to at least 300 degrees
Fahrenheit, the point at which straw color begins to appear.
Where extra toughness is required draw to not over 450
degrees Fahrenheit, or medium straw.

For General Instructions see page 19.

Extras for size and annealing, page 17.

State in detail the purpose for which the steel will be used

28

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Bethlehem Tough Tool Steel

BETHLEHEM STEEL

BETHLEHEM

CO MILADY

TOUGH

BETHLEHEM, PA.

TOOL STEEL

USES

An alloy steel possessing hardness and toughness, suit-
able for Cold Cutters, Flogging Chisels, Rivet and Button
sets, Hand and Pneumatic Chipping Chisels..

TREATMENT

The hardening temperatures range between 1400 to 1500
degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the mass or section and
hardness desired.

Quench in water.

This steel may also be made sufficiently hard for the
above purposes by raising the hardening temperatures and
quenching in oil.

To harden chisels, heat to 1425 to 1450 degrees Fahren-
heit, and quench in water.

Temper to a straw color or until a sharp file takes hold
bearing in mind that this steel when tempered to a straw
color is of the same file hardness . as a Carbon tool steel
chisel tempered to a blue color.

Hardening' instructions for other purposes will be fur
nished when shipment goes forward.

For General Instructions see page 19.

Extras for size and annealing, page 17.

State in detail the purpose for which the steel will be used

29

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Bethlehem Piston Steel

USES

For pistons in pneumatic hammers.

REMARKS

The increasing use of pneumatic hammers and similar
tools has created a demand for a steel which will with-
stand shock and the resulting fatigue. Bethlehem Piston
Steel is highly recommended for uses Of this character.

TREATMENT

The hardening temperature ranges between 1425 to 1475
degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the mass or section and
depth of hardness desired.

Quench in water.

Temper to suit conditions.

For General Instructions see page 19.

Extras for size and annealing, page 17.

30

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Bethlehem Crucible
Special Alloy Steels

BETHLEHEM TWIST DRILL STEELS

Bethlehem Twist Drill Steels after countless practical
tests have been found to meet the requirements of the modern
heavy duty drilling machines with maximum speeds and feeds.

BETHLEHEM GAS ENGINE POPPET
VALVE STEELS

Valves made of these steels retain their shape and hard-
ness at high temperatures.

BETHLEHEM PERMANENT MAGNET STEELS

Bethlehem Permanent Magnet Steels have been developed
for magnetoes and all instruments that require maximum
magnetic strength.

BETHLEHEM CHROME BALL RACE STEELS

A water hardening steel for Cups, Cones, Thrust and
Annular Ball-Bearings, Rollers, Roller Paths, etc. Thoroughly
annealed and therefore, may be rapidly machined, and is in
every respect far more durable than the case or pack hard-
ening steels for this purpose.

31

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

BETHLEHEM No. 5 NICKEL STEEL
(25.00 to 30.00% Nickel)

Recommended for parts subjected to the corrosive influ-
ences of acids and water. Furnished black as rolled or cold
drawn.

BETHLEHEM No. 6 NICKEL STEEL
(30.00 to 35.00% Nickel)

Recommended for instruments or parts where a very
low co-efficient of expansion is desired. Furnished black as
rolled or cold drawn.

IN ADDITION TO OUR STANDARD BRANDS OF
SPECIAL ALLOY STEELS FOR THE ABOVE PURPOSES,
WE ARE PREPARED TO FURNISH STEELS TO SPECIAL
ANALYSES.

State in detail the purpose for which the steel will be used

32

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Bethlehem Hot Work Steels

Bethlehem

Bethlehem

Bethlehem

Bethlehem

“No.

57”

“No.

81”

“No.

445 ”

“ No.

58”

USES

Tool Steel
Tool Steel
Tool Steel
Tool Steel

Alloy steels especially developed for hot work tools, and
are recommended for the following purposes : Hot bolt,

rivet, and spike heading gripper or open dies, and headers;
hot nut crowners, piercers, and punches, hydraulic riveter
dies or bulldozer dies, compression dies, shear blades, hot
chipping chisels, etc.

Each one of these steels has been developed for a
special purpose and to meet various conditions, therefore,
to give you the benefit of our experience, and to select the
one steel that will give best results in your shop, please
state in detail the nature of the work, i. e., whether high or
low carbon steel or iron bolts, nuts, rivets, etc. — a rough
sketch of the tools with approximate dimensions, would
assist us materially in recommending the grade best adapted
and its treatment.

HEAT TREATMENT

Bethlehem No. 57 and 58 Tool Steels are air or oil hard-
ening steels; Bethlehem No., 81 and 445 Tool Steels may

33

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

be hardened in air, oil, or water, depending upon conditions.
Specific hardening instructions will be given when shipment
goes forward.

ANNEALING

Bethlehem No. 57 and 58, same as Bethlehem Special
High Speed Steel shown on page 11.

Bethlehem No. 81 and 445 same as Carbon Tool Steels
shown on page 20.

Extras for size and annealing, NO.. SI, No. 57, No. 58,
Page 15.

Extras for size and annealing, No. 445, page 17.

\

State in detail the purpose for which the steel will be used

34

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Tool Steel Discs

We are prepared to furnish DISCS of all our grades
of tool steel, for milling cutters, drawing dies, rolls, etc.

WEIGHT OF TOOL STEEL DISCS

The estimated weight of tool steel discs 1 inch wide,
up to and including 48 inches in diameter, are shown on
pages 36 and 39.

To find the estimated weight of a disc with a width
greater than 1 inch, multiply the weight per inch by the
width of disc in inches.

For weight of High Speed Tool Steel Discs add 10%.

The size ordered will be furnished unless it is specified
that an allowance for finish is desired.

Extras for size and annealing High Speed, page 16.

Extras for size and annealing Tool Steel, page 18.

State in detail the purpose for which the steel will be used

35

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

WEIGHT OF ROUND STEEL PER RUNNING INCH

Diam.

Lbs.

Diam.

Lbs.

Diam.

Lbs.

Diam.

Lbs.

0

A

*

A

1

A

3

8

0 *

2

A

1

if

3

4

if

i

8

if

.01

.02

.03

.04

.06

.07

.09

.11

.13

.15

.17

.20

0

A

1
A

4

A

8

3 A

2

A

f

if

3

4

If

k

if

2.01

2.09

2.18

2.27

2.36

2.45
2.54
2.64
2.73
2.83
2.93
3.03
3.14
3.24
3.35

3.46

0

A

f

A

1
A

f

6 A

2

A

.5

8

if

i

if

8

if

8.03

8.20

8.37

8.54

8.71

8.89

9.07

9.25

9.43

9.61

9.79

9.98

10.16

10.35

10.54

10.74

0

A

i

A

1

A

f

9 *

2

A

I

if

*

if

7 _

8

Xi
1 6

18.07

18.32

18.58

18.83

19.09

[9.34

19.61

19.87

20.13

20.40

20.67

20.93

21.21

21.48

21.76

22.03

0

.22

0

3.57

0

10.93

0

22.31

A

.25

A

3.68

A

11.13

A

22.59

f

.28

f

3.80

f

11.33

i

22.87

A

.31

A

3.91

A

11.52

A

23.15

i

.35

i

4.03

i

11.73

i

23.44

A

.38

A

4.14

A

11.93

A

23.72

f

.42

f

4.27

f-

12.13

3

24.01

i A

.46

A A

4.39

7 A

12.34

_7

in Tf

24.30

1 i

.50

* l

4.52

7 f

12.55

10 I

24.60

A

.54

A

4.64

A

12.76

A

24.89

_ 5 _

8

.59

i

4.77

f

12.97

f

25.19

if

.64

if

4.90

if

13.18

if

25.48

!

.68

I-

5.03

f

13.40

i

25.78

44

iff

.73

«

5.17

if

13.61

if

26.08

i-

.78

f

5.30

f

13.84

f

26.39

if

.84

if

5.44

if

14.05

if

26.68

0

.89

0

5.58

0

14.28

0

27.00

A

.95

A

5.72

A

14.50

A

27.30

f-

1.01

f

5.86

f

14.73

f

27.61

A

1.07

A

6.00

A

14.95

A

27.92

i

1.13

i

6.15

i

15.18

i

28.24

A

1.19

A

6.30

A

15.41

A

28.54

I

1.26

f

6.45

f

15 65

f

28.87

o A

1.33

5 A

6.60

8 A

15.88

li A

29.19

2 4

1.39

5 i

6.75

* 4

16.12

i

29.50

A

1.46

A

6.90

A

16.36

A

29.83

f

1.54

f

7.06

f

16.60

t

30.15

if

1.61

if

7.22

if

16.83

if

30.47

f

1.69

f

7.38

I

17.08

t

30.80

if

1.76

IS
1 6

7.54

if

17.32

if

31.12

|

1.84

|

7.70

7

8

17.57

7

8

31.46

if

1.92

if

7.86

if

17.82

if

31.79

FOR HIGH SPEED STEED ADD 10 PER CENT.
36

1

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

WEIGHT OF ROUND STEEL PER RUNNING INCH

Diana.

Lbs.

Diam.

Lbs.

Diam.

Lbs.

Diam.

Lbs.

0

A

*

A

i

12 T i

A

5

8

il

I

if

7.

8

if

32.13
32.4(3

32.80

33.13
33.48

33.81
34.17
34.51
34.86
35.21
35.56
35.91
36.27
36.62
36.98
37.33

0

A

i

A

i

A

15 1
A
f

if

a

4

if

i

if

50.19

50.61

51.03

51.45
51.87
52.30
52.73
53.16
53.59
54.02

54.46
54.89
55.33
55.77
56.21
56.66

0

A

i

A

1
_4

A

18 A

2

A

t

if

1

if

t

if

72.27

72.77

73.28

73.78

74.29
74.80
75.31
75.82
76.34
76.86
77.38
77.90
78.42
78.94
79.47
79.99

0

A

i

8

A

i

A

21 i

A

i

a

3

4

16

f

if

98.37

98.94

99.54

100.13

100.72
101.32

101.91

102.51
103.11
103.71
104.31

104.91

105.52

106.13

106.73
107.35

0

37.70

0

57.10

0

80.52

0

107.96

A

38.06

A

57.55

A

81.05

A

108.57

i

38.42

i

57.99

i

81.59

i

109.19

A

38.79

A

58.45

A

82.12

A

109.81

i

39.16

i

58.90

i

82.66

i

110.43

A

39.53

A

59.35

A

83.19

A

111.05

f

39.90

*

59.81

*

83.73

f

111.67

13 t 7 ®

40.28

16 ^

60.27

19 A

84.27

99 A

112.29

i

40.65

i

60.73

i

84.82

*

112.92

A

41.03

A

61.19

A

85.36

A

113.55

f

41.41

*

61.65

f

85.91

t

114.18

if

41.79

A

62.11

ii
1 6

86.45

it

114.81

. 1

42.17

I

62.58

i

87.00

f

115.44

if

42.56

it

63.05

if

87.56

it

116.08

f

42.94

t

63.52

7

t

88.11

7

8"

116.72

if

43.33

it

63.99

if

88.66

if

117.35

0

43.72

0

64.46

0

89.22

0

118 00

A

44.11

A

64.94

A

89.78

A

118.64

JL

8

44.50

i

65.41

i

90.34

i

119.28

3

1^

44.90

A'

65.89

A

90.90

A

119.93

i

45.29

i

66.37

i

91.47

i

120.57

A

45.69

A

66.85

A

92.03

A

121.22

f

46.09

t

67.34

t

92.60

|

121.87

14

46.49

17

67.82

90 A

93.17

7

93 Ti>

122.52

*

46.90

*

68.31

i

93.74

i

123.18

_9

l¥

47.30

A

68.80

A

94.31

A

123.84

f

47.71

1

69.29

f

94.88

f

124.50

a

48.12

1 6

69.78

A

95.46

A

125.15

t

48.53

i

70.28

t

96.04

t

125.82

it

48.94

if

70.77

it

96.62

it

126.48

8

49.35

f

71.27

i

97.20

'1

127.14

1*1

49.77

iV

71.77

it

97.78

it

127.81

A

FOR HIGH SPEED STEED ADD 10 PER CENT.

37

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY
WEIGHT OF ROUND STEEL PER RUNNING INCH

Diam.

Lbs.

Diam.

Lbs.

Diam.

Lbs.

Diam.

Lbs.

0

A

1

8

A

i

A

t

24 1

A

1

if

i

if

t

if

128.48

129.17
129.82

130.49

131.17
131.85
132.53
133.20
133.89
134.57
135.26
135.94
136.63
137.32
138.02
138.71

0

A

f

A

1
A

3

8

27 A

2

A

8

XX
1 6
3.
¥
1 3
10

7

8

if

162.61

163.36

164.12

164.87

165.63

166.39

167.15

167.92

168.68

169.45

170.22

170.99

171.77

172.54

173.32

174.09

0

A

X

8

A

i

A

3

30 A
A

i

8

if

¥
1 3
1 6

7

8

if

200.75

201.58

202.42

203.27

204.11

204.95

205.80

206.64

207.50

208.34

209.20

210.05

210.91

211.77

212.63

213.49

0

A

i

8

A

i

A

»

33 *
£

A

f

n

3

¥

.18

1^

n.

8

X5.

1 6

242.91

243.82

244.75

245.67

246.60

247.53

248.46

249.38

250.32

251.25

252.19

253.13

254.07

255.01

255.96

256.90

0

A

i

A

i

A

t

25 *
£

A

f

if

J

if

i

if

139.41

140.10

140.81

141.51

142.21

142.92

143.62

144.33
145.04
145.75
146.47
147,18
147.90

148.62

149.34
150.06

0

A

f

A

i

A

3

28 A

A

t

n

i

«
i
8
15
1 6

174.87

175.65

176.44

177.22

178.01

178.80

179.59

180.38

181.18

181.97

182.77
183.57
184.37
185.17

185.97

186.78

0

A

i

8

A

i

A

I

31 A
A

5

8

if

f

if

t

if

214.35

215.22

216.09

216.95

217.83

218.70

219.57

220.44

221.32

222.20

223.08

223.97

224.85

225.74

226.63

227.51

0

A

X

8

A

i

3,4

£

A

f

if

3

¥

if

r

8

if

257.85

258.79

259.75

260.70

261.66

262.61

263.57

264.52

265.49

266.45

267.42

268.38

269.35

270.3 G

271.29

272.27

0

A

i

A

i

A

1

A

t

if

f

if

f

if

150.78

151.51

152.24

152.97

153.70

154.43

155.17

155.90

156.64

157.38

158.12

158.86

159.61

160.36

161.10

161.85

0

A

4

A

i

A

t

29 A

A

f

H

i

if

f

if

187.59
188.39
189.21
190.02
190.84
191.65
192.47
193.29
194.11
194.93
195.76

196.59
197.42
198.25
199.08
199.91

0

A

i

A

i

A

.3.

32 *

A

f

XX
1 6
3
¥

n

i

if

228.41
229.30
230.19
231.09

231.99
232.89
233.79
234.69
235.60
236.50

237.42
238.33
239.24
240.15
241.07

241.99

0

A

*

A

A *

33-1

2

A

f

if

i

if

f

if

273.24

274.21

275.20

276.18

277.16

278.14

279.13

280.11

281.10

282.09

283.09

284.08

285.08

286.07

287.07

288.07

FOR HIGH SPEED STEEL ADD 10 PER CENT.

38

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

WEIGHT OF ROUND STEEL PER RUNNING INCH

Diam.

36

1

1

A

I

A

t

a

*

if

o

A

8

3

37 *
i

u

{

H

0

A

1
A

i

A

1

38 1
*

i

f

i >

Lbs.

289.08

290.08

291.09

292.10

293.11

294.12

295.13

296.14
297.16
298.18
299.20
300.22
301.25
302.27
303.30
304.33

305.36

306.39

307.43

308.46

309.50

310.54

311.58

312.62

313.67

314.71

315.76

316.81

317.87

318.92

319.97

321.03

322.09
323.14
324.21
325.27
326.34
327.41
328.48
329.54
330.62
331.69
332.77
333.85
334.93
336.01

337.09
338.18

Diam.

1
1
1

39 'I

if

1

1

1

4° A

A

x.

i

0

1

1

“1

A

f

i

i

Lbs.

339.26

340.35

341.44
342.53
343.63
344.72
345.82
346.91
348.02
349.12
350.23
351.33

352.44
353.55
354.66
355.77

356.89

358.00

359.12
360.24
361.36
362.48
363.61
364.73
365.86
366.99

368.13
369.26
370.39
371.53
372.67
373.81

374.95
376.09
377.24
378.39
379.54
380.69
381.84
382.99
384.15
385.31
386.47
387.63
388.80

389.96
391.13
392.29

Diam.

1
1
1

* s 1

3

43

T*

1

1

1

“1

A

i

i

is

393.47

394.63

395.81

396.99

398.17

399.34

400.53

401.70

402.89

404.07

405.27

406.45

407.65

408.84

410.03

411.23

412.42

413.62

414.83

416.03

417.24

418.44

419.65

420.85

422.07

423.28

424.50

425.72

426.94

428.16

429.38

430.60

431.83

433.05

434.29

435.52

436.75

437.99

439.22

440.45

441.70

442.94

444.19

445.43
446.68
447.93
449.18

450.43

Diam. Lbs.

1
1
1
45 l i

A

i

if

i

1

1

1

46 A

A
i
i :
1

0

1

1

1

47 *

A

i

i

48 0

451.68

452.93

454.20

455.45

456.72

457.98

459.24

460.50

461.78

463.04

464.32

465.59

466.85

468.14

469.42

470.70

471.98
473.26
474.55
475.84
477.13
478.42
479.71

480.99
482.30
483.59
484.89
486.19
487.50
488.80
490.11
491.41

492.73

494.03

495.35

496.66

497.98

499.30

500.62

501.93

503.26

504.58
505.92

507.24

508.58
509.91

511.24

512.58

W9T

FOR HIGH SPEED STEEL ADD 10 PER CENT.
39

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Decimal Equivalents of Fractions of an Inch

I

64

64

64

7_

64

64

JJL

04

!I_

64

15

64

17

64

19

b4“

21

64

23

64

25

64

27

"64'

29

■w

31

64

.015625

03125

046875

0625

078125

09375

109375

125

140625

15625

171875

1875

203125

21875

234376

.25

265625
281 25
.296875
.3125
328125
' 34375
.3593 75
.375
. 390625
40625
.421875
.4375
.455125
46875
484375
50

33

35

64

37

64

39

64

41

~5T

43

64

45

"54"

47

"5T

49

64

51

"ST

53

"5T

S3

"ST

57

59

64“

6.L

64

63

64

SI 5625
53125
546875
5625
578125
59375
609375
.625
. 64-0625
.65625
.671875
.6875
.703125
.71875
, 734375
.75
.765625
.78125
.796875
.8125
.828125
.84375
.859375
.875
890625
.90625
921875
.9375
.953125
. 96875
984375
100

40

FLAT BAR STEEL — Weight Per Lineal Foot

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

NN

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35

co 05 co uo co th : : : : :

CO 05 CO CO 05 CO £* O ; ; ; : :

<NC0tQCOt-;O5p(N : : : ; :

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X

.213

.319

.425

.531

.638

-.744

i'

41

FLAT BAR STEEL — Continued. Weight Per Lineal Foot

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Ol

1

OlOOlO *iCO»OOiCOiOOiOOCOC
'“l ^ 00 Hi 05 lO p CO t-h L- OO 05 ^ <M

lo t> o ci id t-‘ ©oSidaoocdidad o id —J t-h

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c<j co to cq i> oq © rH NWiqcqt^ooqNioo

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rHiHrHrHrH(MO5(M(M<rqC0COCOHi4U0

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HJ yi 05 t> HJ N 05 ?D HJ H 05 ^ HJ (M t 05 H 05 00
rH* oq oi CO ni id id CO L-^ 30 00 05 O r-i r-i CO Hi tH

rH rH rH r— i i — 1 rH

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CqW©C5.*0C0CHi05Hi005HiC0O00C0O
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rH rH rH rH

42

f

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Temperatures

DEGREES FAHRENHEIT AND
CORRESPONDING CENTIGRADE

F.

c. .

F.

C.

F.

C.

32

0

1040

560

1740

949

212

100

1060

571

1760

960

100

201

1080

582

1780

971

120

216

1100

593

1800

982

110

227

1120

604

1820

993

160

238

1140

615

1840

1001

180

219

1160

626

1860

1015

500

260

1180

637

1880

1026

520

271

1200

648

1900

1038

540

282

1220

659

1920

1049

560

293

1210

670

1940

1060

580

305

1260

681

1960

1071

600

316

1280

693

1980

1082

620

327

1300

705

2000

1093

610

338

1320

716

2020

1105

660

319

1310

727

2040

1116

680

360

1360

738

2060

1127

700

371

1380

749

2080

1138

720

382

1400

760

2100

1149

710

393

1120

771

2120

1160

760

105

1410

782

2140

1171

780

116

1460

793

2160

1182

800

127

1180

804

2180

1193

820

438

1500

816

2200

1204

810

419

1520

827

2220

1216

860

460

1540

838

2240

1227

880

471

1560

849

2260

1238

900

482

1580

860

2280

1249

920

193

1600

871

2300

1260

940

504

1620

882

2320

1271

960

516

1640

893

2340

1283

980

527

1660

901

2360

1294

1000

538

1680

915

2380

1305

1020

549

1700

927

2400

1316

43

A

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Temperatures

DEGREES CENTIGRADE AND
CORRESPONDING FAHRENHEIT

c.

F.

C.

F.

C.

F.

0

32

520

968

860

1580

100

212

530

986

870

1598

200

392

540

1004

880

16J6

210

410

550

1022

890

1634

2 0

428

560

1040

900

1652

230

446

570

1058

910

1670

240

464

580

1076

920

1688

250

482

590

1094

930

1706

200

500

600

1112

940

1724

270

518

610

1130

950

1742

280

536

620

1148

960

1760

290

554

630

1166

970

1778

300

572

610

1184

980

1796

310

590

650

1202

990

1814

320

608

660

1220

1000

1832

330

626

6/0

1238

1010

1850

340

644

680

1256

1020

1868

350

662

690

1274

1030

1886

360

680

700

1292

1040

1904

370

698

710

1310

1050

1922

380

716

720

1328

1060

1940

390

734

730

1346

1070

1958

400

752

740

1364

1080

1976

410

770

750

1 >82

1090

1994

420

788

760

1400

1100

2012

430

806

770

1418

1110

2030

440

824

780

1436

1120

2048

450

842

790

1454

1130

2066

460

860

800

1472

1140

2084

470

878

810

1490

1150

2102

480

896

820

1508

1160

2120

490

914

830

1526

1170

2138

500

932

840

1544

1180

2156

510

950

850

1562

1190

2174

44

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY y

Incandescent Colors and
Temperatures

Taylor & White’s Table

Fahr. Cent.

Black Red 990 533

Dark Blood Red 1050 565

Dark Cherry Red H 75 634

Medium Cherry Red 1250 676

Full Cherry Red I 375 745

Light Cherry, Scaling 1550 843

Salmon, Free Scaling 1650 899

Light Salmon . - 1725 940

Yellow 1825 995

Light Yellow 1975 1078

White 2220 1203

45

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Table of Temper Colors of
Carbon Steel Commonly
Accepted as Standard

Woodworth

Haswell

°F

°F

°c

Very Light Yellow

420

Faint Yellow

430

430

221

Straw Color

460

460

238

Dark Straw

470

470

243

Dark Yellow

490

255

Brown Yellow

500

260

Spotted Red Brown

510

265

Purple

530

530

277

Blue

550

550

289

Full Blue

560

560

293

Polish Blue

580

580

304

Dark Blue

600

600

316

46

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Table of

Brinell Hardness Numerals

STEEL BALL OF 10 MM. DIAMETER

Diam.
of Im-
pression
mm.

Hardness

Pressu

3000

Numeral
re kg.

500

Diam.
of Im-
pression
mm.

Hardness

Presst

3000

Numeral
ire kg.

500

2,-

946

158

3,25

351

59

2,06

898

150

3,30

340

57

2,10

857

143

3,35

332

55

2,16

817

136

3,40

321

54

2,20

782

130

3,45

311

52

2,26

744

124

3,50

302

50

2,30

713

119

3,55

293

49

2,36

683

114

3,60

286

48

2,40

652

109

3,65

277

46

2,46

627

105

3,70

269

45

2,60

600

100

3,75

262

44

2,66

578

96

3,80

255

43

2,60

555

93

3,85

248

41

2,66

532

89

3,90

241

40

2,70

512

86

3,95

235

39

2,76

495

83

2,80

477

80

4 ,~

228

38

2,86

460

77

4,05

223

37

2,90

444

74

4,10

217

36

2,96

430

72

4,15

212

35

4,20

207

34,5

3,«

418

70 ■

4,25

202

33,6

3,06

402

67 *

4,30

196

32,6

3,10

387

65 rf \

4,35

192

32

3,16

375

63 §

4,40

187

31,2

3,20

364

61 1

4,45

183

30,4

47

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Table of

Brinell Hardness Numerals

STEEL BALL OF 10 MM. DIAMETER

Diam.
of Im-
pression

mm.

Hardness

Pressu

3000

Numeral
re kg.

500

Diam.
of Im-
pression
mm.

Hardness

Pressn

3000

Numeral
ire kg.

500

4,50

179

29,7

5,76

105

17,5

4,65

174

29,1

5,80

103

17,2

4,60

170

28,4

5,85

101

16,9

4,65

166

27,8

5,90

99

16,6

4,70

163

27,2

5,96

97

16,2

4,76

159

26,5

4,80

156

25,0

6 ,--

95

15,9

4,86

153

25,4

6,05

94

15,6

4,90

149

24,9

6 ,io

92

15,3

4,95

146

24,4

6,15

90

15,1

6,20

89

14,8

5 ,—

143

23,8

6,26

87

14,5

5,05

140

23,3

6,30

86

14,3

5,10

137

22,8

6,36

84

14

5,16

134

22,3

6,40

82

13,8

5,20

131

21,8

6,46

81

13,5

5,26

128

21,5

6,50

80

13,8

5,30

126

21

6,55

79

13,1

5,36

124

20,6

6,60

77

12,8

5,40

121

20,1

6,65

76

12,6

5,46

118

19,7

6,70

74

12,4

5,50

116

19,3

6,75

73

12,2

5,66

114

19

6,80

71,5

11,9

5,60

112

18,6

6,85

70

1 M

5,66

109

18,2

6,90

69

11,5

5,70

107

17,8

6,95

68

11,3

48

s

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Decimal Equivalents of
Millimeters

mm. Inches

mm. Indies

mm. Inches

mm. Inches

1 =

.03937

31 = 1.22047

61 = 2.40157

91 = 3.58267

2 =

.07874

32 = 1.25984

62 = 2.44094

92 = 3.62204

3 =

.11811

33 = 1.29921

63 = 2.48031

93 = 3.66141

4 =

.15748

34 = 1.33858

64 = 2.51968

94 = 3.70078

5 =

.19685

35 = 1.37795

65 = 2.55905

95 = 3.74015

6 =

.23622

36 = 1.41732

66 = 2.59842

96 = 3.77952

7 =

.27559

37 = 1.45669

67 = 2.63779

97 = 3.81889

8 =

.31496

38 = 1.49606

68 = 2.67716

98 = 3.85826

9 =

.35433

39 = 1.53543

69 = 2.71653

99 = 3.89763

10 =

.39370

40 = 1.57480

70 = 2.75590

100 = 3.93700

11 =
12 =

.43307

.47244

41 = 1.61417

42 = 1.65354

71 = 2.79527

72 = 2.83464

13 =

14 =

15 =

16 =

.51181

.55118

.59055

.62992

43 = 1.69291

44 = 1.73228

45 = 1.77165

46 = 1.81102

73 = 2.87401

74 - 2.91338

75 = 2.95275

76 = 2.99212

.g 2 22

17 =

.66929

47 = 1.85039

77 = 3.03149

18 =

.70866

48 := 1.88976

78 = 3.07086

tr-

CC t>

19 =

.74803

49 = 1.92913

79 = 3.11023

05 CO t—

CO Oi CO t—

20 =

.78740

50 = 1.96850

80 = 3.14960

O CO 05 CO
O O CO 05
CO

21 =

.82677

51 = 2.00787

81 = 3.18897

INI II II

22 =

.86614

52 = 2.04724

82 = 3.22834

23 =

.90551

53 = 2.08661

83 = 3.26771

1 a S a

24 =

.94488

54 = 2.12598

84 = 3.30708

25 =

.98425

55 = 2.16535

85 = 3.34645

rlrlHH

26 = 1.02362

56 = 2.20472

86 = 3.38582

27 = 1.06299

28 - 1.10236

57 = 2.24409

58 = 2.28346

87 = 3.42519

88 = 3.46456

29 = 1.14173

59 = 2.32283

89 = 3.50393

30 = 1.18110

60 = 2.36220

90 = 3.54330

40

A

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

BAR STEEL

WEIGHT PER LINEAL FOOT

One Cubic Foot Weighing 489.54 Pounds

SQUARE

ROUND

OCTAGON

HEXAGON

Inch

Pounds

Inch

Pounds

Inch

Pounds

Inch

Pounds

A

.003

A

.0026

A

.0227

A

.0029

A

.0L3

A

.0104

A

.011

A

.0115

.05

i

.042

i

.044

i

.046

A

.12

A

.09

A

.094

A

10

i

.21

i

.17

i

.18

i

.19

A

..33

A

.26

A

.27

A

.29

f

.48

f

.38

t

.40

t

.42

A

.65

7

.51

A

.54

A

.56

i

.85

i

.67

i

.71

i

.74

A

1.08

A

.85

A

.90

A

.94

«

1.33

1

1.04

i

1.10

t

1.15

it

1.61

it

1.27

it

1.34

it

1.40

i

1.92

i

1.50

f

1.58

3

¥

1.65

it

2.24

it

1.76

it

1.86

it

1.94

f

2.60

t

2.04

i

2.15

i

2.25

it

3.06

if

2.35

it

2.48

it

2.59

i

3.40

l

2.67

1

2.82

1

2.U

A

3.84

A

3.01

A

3.17

A

3.31

t

4.30

i

3.38

i

3.56

i

3.73

A

4.80

A

3.77

A

3.98

A

4.16

i

5.31

i

4.17

l

4.40

i

4.60

A

5.86

A

4.60

A

4.85

A

5.07

f

6.43

f

5.02

t

5.29

t

5.54

A

7.03

A

5.52

A

5.82

A

9.09

For HIGH SPEED STEEL, add 10 per cent, to listed weights

50

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

1

BAR STEEL

WEIGHT PER LINEAL FOOT— Continued

SQUARE

ROUND

OCTAGON

HEXAGON

Inch

Pounds

Inch

Pounds

Inch

Pounds

Inch

Pounds

u

7.65

If

6.01

n

6.32

ii

5.63

A

8.30

A

6.52

A

6.88

A

7.19

8.98

t

7.05

t

7.44

t

7.77

44

9.68

«

7.60

ft

8.02

B

8.38

10.41

I

8.18

t

8.63

3

9.02

4

ft

11.17

ft

8.77

ft

9.25

H

9.67

1 6
|

11.95

\

9.39

t

9.90

i

10.35

8

ft

12.76

ft

10.02

ft

10.57

B

11.05

2

13.60

2

10.68

2

il.26

2

11.78

i

14.46

A

11.36

A

11.98

A

12.53

1 6
4

15.35

i

12.06

i

12.72

i

13.30

8

A

16.27

A

12.78

A

13.48

A

14.09

4-

17.22

i

13.52

i

14.26

i

14,91

4

A

18.19

A

14.28

A

15.06

A

15.75

1 6

f

19.18

f

15.07

t

15.89

1

16.62

A

20.20

A

15.86

A

16.73

A

17.49

i

21.25

4

16.69

4

17.60

4

18.40

2

A

22.33

A

17.53

A

18.49

A

19.33

f

23.43

t

18.40

f

19.41

1

20.29

ft

24.56

ft

19.29

ft

20.35

44

21.27

j

25.00

|

20.20

t

21.30

f

22,27

ft

26.90

ft

21.12

«

22.28

44

23.29

|

28.10

22.07

i

23.28

4

24.33

ft

29.43

ft

23.04

it

24.30

44

25.40

For HIGH SPEED STEEL, add 10 per cent, to listed weights

51

A

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

BAR STEEL

WEIGHT PER LINEAL FOOT— Continued

SQUARE

ROUND

OCTAGON

Inch

Pounds

Inch

Pounds

Inch

Pounds

3

30.60

3

24.03

3

25.34

A

31.89

A

25.04

A

26.41

}•

33.20

i

26.08

i

8

27.51

A

34.55

A

27.13

A

28.61

i

35.92

i

4

28.20

29.74

A

37.31

A

29.30

A

30.90

1

38.73

3

g

30.42

3.

8

32.08

A

40.18

A

31.56

A

33.29

i

41.65

i

32.71

i

34.50

A

43.14

A

33.90

A

35.75

5

8

44.68

f

35.09

5

8

37.01

46.24

1!

16

36.31

11
1 6

38.30

f

47.82

3

4

37.56

3

4

39.61

49.42

if

38.81

«

40.93

51.05

7

8

40.10

8

42.29

M

52.71

15

15

41.40

15

16

43.66

4

54.40

4

42.73

4

45.07

A

56.11

A

44.07

A

•16.48

i

57.85

!

8

45.44

i

47.93

A

59.62

A

46.83

3

Iff

49.39

1

4

61.41

i

48.24

1

4'

50.88

A

63.23

A

49.66

_5 _

1 6

52.38

3

'8

65.08

1

51.11

3

8

53.91

A

66.95

A

52.58

A

55.46

For HIGH SPEED STEEL, add 10 per cent, to listed weights

52

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

BAR STEEL

WEIGHT PER LINEAL FOOT-Continued

SQUARE

ROUND

OCTAGON

Inch

Pounds

Inch

Pounds

Inch

Pounds

68.85

H

54.07

41

57.03

Tff

70.78

Tff

55.59

9

Iff

58.63

5

72.73

5

57.12

|

60.24

11
1 6

74.70

H

58.67

Tff

61.88

3

4

76.71

i

60.25

L

4

63.55

13

Iff

78.74

a

61.84

1 3
1 6

65.22

7

8

80.81

7

8

63.46

66.93

H

82.89

if

65.10

ii

68.66

5

85.00

5

66.76

5

70 41

i

89.30

8

70.14

1

73.98

i

93.72

4

73.60

!

77.63

3

8

98.23

3

8

77.15

f

81.37

1

■§•

102.8

i

80.77

85.19

5

8

107.6

5

3

84.49

5

89.11

3

4

112.4

3

4

88.29

3

4

93.12

8

117.4

7

8

92.17

7

8

97.21

6

122.4

6

96.14

6

101.4

1 -
8

127.6

1

8

100.2

i

105.7

1

4

132.8 *

|

104.3

.1

110.0

138.2

3

108.5

3

8

114.4

i

143.0

112.8

jj

119.0

6

8

149.2

5

8

117.2

5

8

123.6

f

154.9

3

4

121.7

3

128.4

7

8

160.8

1

126.2

1

133.1

For HIGH SPEED STEEL, add 10 per cent, to listed weights

53

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

BAR STEEL

WEIGHT PER LINEAL FOOT- Continued

SQUARE

ROUND

OCTAGON

Inch

Pounds

Inch

Pounds

Inch

Pounds

7

166.6

7

130.8

7

138.1

4

172.6

4

135.6

4

143.0

4

178.7

i

140.4

4

148.1

i

184.9

I

145.3

1

153.2

4

191.3

i

150.2

4

158.4

5

197.7

l

155.2

I

163.7

3

204.2

f

160.3

3

¥

169.1

i

210.8

4

165.6

4

174.7

8

217.6

8

171.0

8

180.4

4

231.4

4

181.8

4

191.7

i

245.6

4

193.0

4

203.6

3

¥

260.3

3

¥

204.4

*

215.6

9

275.4

9

216,3

9

228.1

4

290.9

4

228.5

4

241.0

i

306.8

4

241.0

4

254.2

I

323.2

3

¥

253.9

3

¥

267.8

10

340.0

10

267.0

10

281.6

i

357.2

4

280.6

4

295.9

4

374.9

4

294.4

4

310 $

t

392.9

3

¥

308.6

1

325.5

li

411.4

11

323.1

11

340.8

4

430.3

4

337.9

4

356.4

4

449.6

4

353.1

4

372.4

3

¥

469.4

¥

368.6

3

¥

388.8

12

489.6

12

384.4

12

405.4

For HIGH SPEED STEEL, add 10 per cent, to listed weights

54

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS REQUIRED TO OBTAIN
SURFACE SPEEDS OF FROM 20 FEET TO 60 FEET PER
MINUTE ON DIAMETERS FROM 1 INCH TO 40 INCHES

Surface Speeds per Minute

Inches

Inches

Feet

40 Feet

45 Feet

50 Feet

60 Feet

1

3.1416

0.261

152.789

171.887

190.986

229.182

2

6.2832

0.523

76.394

85.944

95.493

114.590

3

9.4248

0.785

50.929

57.296

63.662

76.394

4

12.5664

1.047

38.197

42.971

47.746

57.296

5

15.7080

1.309

30.557

34.377

38.197

45.836

6

18.850

1.570

25.465

28.648

31.831

38.197

7

21.991

1.832

21.826

24.555

27.283

32.740

8

25133

2.094

19.098

21.486

23.873

28.647

9

28.274

2.356

16.976

19.098

21.220

25.464

10

31.416

2.618

15.278

17.188

19.098

22.918

11

34.558

2.879

13.889

15.626

17.362

20.834

12

37.699

3.141

12.732

14.324

15.915

19.098

13

40.841

3.403

11.753

13.222

14.691

17.629

14

43982

3.665

11.167

12.277

13.641

16.370

15

47.124

3.927

10.185

11.459

12.732

15.278

16

50.265

4.188

9.55

10.743

11.936

14.324

17

53.407

4.450

8.99

10.018

11.234

13.481

18

56.549

4.712

8.49

9.55

10.610

12.732

19

59.690

4.974

8.04

9.05

10.028

12.062

20

62.832

5.236

7.64

8.59

9.55

11.459

21

65.973

5.497

7.28

8.19

9.09

10.913

22

69.115

5.759

6.94

7.81

8.68

10.417

23

72.257

6.021

6.64

7.47

8.30

9.987

24

75.398

6.283

6.37

7.16

7.96

9.549

25 .

78.540

6.545

6.11

6.88

7.64

9.167

26

81.681

6.806

5.88

6.61

7.35

8.81

27

84.823

7.068

5.66

6.37

7.07

8.49

28

87.965

7.330

5.47

6.14

6.82

8.19

29

91.106

7.592

5.27

5.93

6.59

7.90

30

94.248

7.854

5.09

5.73

6.37

7.64

31

97.389

8.115

4.93

5.54

6.16

7.39

32

100.53

8.377

4.77

5.37

5.97

7.16

33

103.67

8.639

4.63

5.21

5.79

6.95

34

106.81

8.901

4.49

5.06

5.62

6.74

35

109.96

9.163

4.37

4.91

5.46

6.55

36

113.10

9.425

4.24

4.77

5.31

6.37

37

116.24

9.686

4.13

4.64

5.16

6.19

38

119.38

9.948

4.02

4.52

5.03

6.03

39

122.52

10.210

3.92

4.41

4.90

5.88

40

125.66

10.472

3.82

4.29

4.77

5.73

55

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS REQUIRED TO OBTAIN
SURFACE SPEEDS OF FROM 20 FEET TO 60 FEET PER
MINUTE ON DIAMETERS FROM 1 INCH TO 40 INCHES

Diam.,

Inches

Circum.,

Inches

Circum.,

Feet

Surface Speeds per Minute

20 Feet

25 Feet

SO Feet

35 Feet

1

3.1416

0.261

76.397

95.493

114.590

133.690

2

6.2832

0.523

38.197

47.746

57.296

66.845

3

9.4248

0.785

25.465

31.831

38.197

44.563

4

12.5664

1.047

19.099

23.873

28.647

33.422

5

15.7080

1.309

15.279

19.098

22.918

26.738

6

18.850

1.570

12.732

15.915

19.098

22.281

7

21.991

1.832

11.167

13.641

16.370

19.098

8

25.133

2.094

9.55

11.936

14.324

16.711

9

28.274

2.356

8.49

10.610

12.732

14.854

10

31.416

2618

7.64

9.55

11.459

13.369

11

34.558

2.879

6.94

8.68

10.417

12.100

12

37.699

3.141

6.37

7.96

9.55

11.083

13

40.841

3.403

5.88

7.35

8.81

10.283

14

43.982

3.665

5.47

6.82

8.19

9.55

15

47.124

3.927

5.09

6.37

7.64

8.91

16

50.265

4.188

4.77

5.97

7.16

8.36

17

53.407

4.450

4.49

5.62

6.74

7.86

18

56.549

4.712

4.24

5.31

6.36

7.43

19

59.690

4.974

4.02

4.91

6.03

7.04

20

62.832

5.236

3.82

4.77

5.73

6.68

21

65.973

5.497

3.64

4.55

5.46

6.37

22

69.1 15

5.759

3.47

4.34

5.21

6.08

23

72.257

6.021

3.32

4.15

4.98

5.81

24

75.398

6.283

3.18

3.98

4.77

5.57

25

78.540

6.545

3.06

3.82

4.58

5.35

26

81.681

6.806

2.94

3.67

4.41

5.14

27

84.823

7.068

2.83

3.53

4.34

4.95

28

87.965

7.330

2.73

3.41

4.09

• 4.77

29

91.106

7.592

2.63

3.29

3.94

4.61

30

94.248

7.854

2.55

3.18

3.82

4.46

31

97.389

8.115

2.46

3.08

3.69

4.31

32

100.53

8.377

2.39

2.98

3.58

4.18

33

103.67

8.639

2.32

2.89

3.47

4.05

34

106.81

8.901

2.25

2.81

3.37

3.93

35

109.96

9.163

2.18

2.73

3.27

3.82

36

113.10

9.425

2.12

2.65

3.18

3.71

37

116.24

9.686

2.06

2.58

3.09

3.61

38

119.38

9.948

2.01

2.51

3.02

3.52

39

122.52

10.210

1.96

2.45

2.94

3.43

40

125.66

10.472

1.91

2.39

2.86

3.34

56

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

INDEX

Page

Alloy Steels . 31

Annealing (Tool Steel) 7-20

Annealing (High Speed Tool Steel) 8-11

Angles (Tool clearance and cutting) .. 13

Bark, annealing . 7-11

Bethlehem Ball Race Steel 31

“ Drill Steel (Rock and mining) 21

“ Finishing Tool Steel 22

“ Hot work Steel 33-34

“ Magnet Steel 31

“ Nickel Steel 31

“ Piston Steel 30

“ Special High Speed Tool Steel 8

“ Tool Room Tool Steel 27-28

“ Tough Tool Steel 29

“ Twist Drill Steel 31

“ Valve Steel 31

“ X Tool Steel 26

“ XCL Tool Steel 2.5

“ XX Tool Steel 24

“ XXX Special Tool Steel 23

Bits, Toolholder 14

Branch Offices 3

Brinell Hardness Numerals 47-48

57

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Page

Centigrade, degrees 43-44

Colors, incandescent and temperature 45

Colors, temper, Carbon Steel 46

Cutting extras, Tool Steel 17

Cutting extras, High Speed Tool Steel 15

Decimal equivalents of millimeters 49

Decimal equivalents of fractions 40

Degrees (Centigrade) 43-44

Degrees (Fahrenheit) , 43-44

Die Block Extras, High Speed Tool Steel 16

Die Block Extras. Tool Steel 18

Discs, Tool Steel 18

Drill Steel (Rock and Mining) 21

Drill Steel (Twist) 31

Equivalents, Decimal — . 40

Extras, High Speed Tool Steel 15

Extras, Carbon Tool Steel 17

Extras, High Speed Tool Steel Discs and Die Blocks 16

Extras, Tool Steel Discs and Die Blocks 18 \

Fahrenheit, Degrees 43-44

Finishing Tool Steel, Bethlehem 22

Flats, Weight of 41-42

Forging, High Speed Tool Steel 9

Forging, Tool Steel 19

58

1

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Page

General Instructions for working Tool Steels 19

Grinding High Speed Tool Steel 10

Grinding Tool Steel 20

Hardening High Speed Tool Steel 9-10

Hardening Tool Steel 19

Hexagon Bar Steel, Weight of 50

High Speed Tool Steel, Bethlehem Special 8

Hints to Buyers .. 7

Hot Work Steels 33

Incandescent Colors and Temperatures 45

Instructions for working High Speed Tool Steel 9

Instructions for working Tool Steel 19

Introduction 5

Magnet Steel, Bethlehem 31

Nickel Steel, Bethlehem 31

Octagon Bar Steel, Weight of 50

Piston Steel, Bethlehem 30

Revolutions per minute to obtain speeds 56

Round Bar Steel, Weight of 50

Round Nose Roughing Tool 13

59

a

BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY

Page

Special Alloy Steels . 31

Special High Speed Tocrl Steel, Bethlehem 8

Speeds in Feet per Minute 56

Square Bar Steel, Weight of 50

Table of Brinell Hardness Numerals 47-48

Temper colors of Carbon Steel . 46

Temperatures, Centigrade and Fahrenheit , 43-44

Temperatures, Incandescent color . 45

Toolholder Bits 14

Tool Room Tool Steel, Bethlehem 27-28

Tough Tool Steel, Bethlehem 29

Twist Drill Steel, Bethlehem 31

Valve Steel, Bethlehem ,.. v 31

Warehouses 3

Warranty 7

Weight of Bar Steel Square 50

Round 50

Hexagon 50

Octagon 50

Flats 41-42

Weight of Discs L‘ 35

X Tool Steel, Bethlehem 26

XCL Tool Steel, Bethlehem 25

XX Tool Steel, Bethlehem 24

XXX Special Tool Steel, Bethlehem 21

60